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PWAs: Will The Web-based Apps End Big Tech App Store Tyranny?
July 12, 2024
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Progressive Web App(PWA) is basically a website built to function as a native desktop software or mobile app. The main advantage of a PWA is that it is apps store-independent and cross-platform.

Opening a PWA-optimized website like 'Gab.com' for example, on a standards-compliant browser like Brave would immediately trigger an instal prompt on the top-right corner of the browser window within the address bar.

On mobile browsers, the PWA prompt may be 'install Gab' or 'add Gab' [to the homescreen]. In the absence of the prompt, just adding the website to the homescreen will do the trick.

Once installed, the PWA functions more like a native app. This circumvents app stores like Google Play and Apple's App Store where free speech apps like Gab are banned.

Other browsers that support PWA include Gab's own Dissenter, Microsoft Edge, Google chrome, Apple's safari and Opera mobile. PWAs are supported on Windows 10, android and iOS.

For a website to be a PWA, it must run on certain core web technology components. And while User Interface frameworks like Angular and React support and have all the components for PWAs, it is important to note that PWAs are not framework-dependent.

PWAs store data as HTML files, use CSS and images from the browser cache which makes them load faster and also work offline by utilizing a specific set of components.

Critical components of a PWA includes Service worker, JSON manifest, App shell and other tools that continue to be added as UI frameworks and standards evolve.

A service worker is a type of web worker. It’s a JavaScript file that runs separately from the main browser thread, intercepts network requests, caches, and delivers push messages. If there is no network connection, a service worker will pull data from the cache using the browser’s cache API.

JSON manifest is a file that contains metadata of the app describing the UI. The manifest controls whether the app will have a more native rendering, the icon to be displayed on the home screen when installed, the orientation, the full-screen rendering, and so on. The manifest is responsible for creating an app-like experience.

App shell is the container where the data is stored. The app shell architecture consists of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and allows some lightweight settings to be quickly loaded during the first visit, which reduces the time required the first time the PWA is launched. The app shell is responsible for the UX of the PWA.

Note that PWA components are based on common and open web technologies, hence keeping the development independent of any one app store software development kit(or SDK).

Google and Microsoft are working together to support the PWA ecosystem. Google has been adding PWA components -- like workbox, chrome Devtools and lighthouse -- to their UI frameworks.

The technologies behind PWAs are not new. Steve Jobs tried this in 2007 with HTML5-based standard for web apps on iphones. Apple later changed course with the introduction of iOS SDK.

Web technology development has since advanced, and JavaScript is becoming a computational power. Most PWAs are more feature-rich than their traditional native counterparts.

Advocates claim that with PWAs, smartphone users don't need to worry about app updates and storage space; and developers don't have to grovel to the big tech app store duopoly of Apple and Google, to distribute their PWAs. Gab social and other apps banned from Play store and App Store, are taking advantage of PWAs to great success.

Ironically, the tech giants are embracing PWAs, probably for different reasons and the fact that the general trend is towards 'stream everything.'

ZDNet's Mary Jo Foley reported last year that Microsoft is building an Azure-powered 'Cloud PC' service to be launched this year. With such service, Windows 10 operating system users can access and interact with the OS via a browser, making windows 10 accessible on any 'thin client.' A windows 10 PWA on android, iOS or Mac can give one access to the OS without having to worry about updates and graphics power of your device. The crunching of data is done behind the scenes on Microsoft servers.

Microsoft has also released popular apps like Office and outlook as PWAs. The tech giant accepts PWAs from developers who wish to distribute via their windows 10 app store.

Google has released their popular services as PWAs. These include YouTube music, map, photos, Drive, Keep and stadia. Google Play store also supports PWAs. Twitter Lite is a PWA.

With gaming being the only holdout for now in the 'stream everything' race, it may not be too optimistic to say that in 5 to 10 years, the tyrannical regime of the app store duopoly -- Google and Apple -- will be have ended. Though they obviously will not go down without a fight.

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Google Gemini To Power Apple AI, Siri, In Multi-year Collaboration

Apple and Google have officially confirmed a multi-year collaboration under which the next generation of Apple Foundation Models will be based on Google’s Gemini models and cloud technology, enabling future Apple Intelligence features, including a significantly upgraded Siri, to be launched later this year.

This partnership marks a major strategic shift for Apple, which had previously relied on OpenAI’s ChatGPT for some AI functions, and signals a decisive move to leverage Google’s advanced AI capabilities to accelerate its own AI ambitions while maintaining strict privacy standards.

The collaboration centers on Apple using Google’s Gemini models as the foundational technology for its own Apple Foundation Models, which will power a range of AI-driven features across Apple’s ecosystem.

The new Siri, expected to debut in the OS 26.4 update in March or April 2026, will be built on this Gemini foundation, offering enhanced personalization, in-app actions, and on-screen awareness.

Despite the deep integration of Gemini technology, Apple will customize the models for its own use, meaning the resulting Siri will not be identical to Google’s Gemini or Google Assistant.

Apple emphasized that all Apple Intelligence features, including the new Siri, will continue to run on Apple devices and its Private Cloud Compute architecture, ensuring user data remains protected and does not flow to Google’s servers.

A joint statement by both companies stated that after a thorough evaluation, Google’s AI technology was determined to provide the most capable foundation for its models, a decision that has been viewed positively by Wall Street and has contributed to Alphabet’s market capitalization surpassing $4 trillion.

"Apple and Google have entered into a multi-year collaboration under which the next generation of Apple Foundation Models will be based on Google's Gemini models and cloud technology," the statement reads on X. "These models will help power future Apple Intelligence features, including a more personalized Siri coming this year.

"After careful evaluation, Apple determined that Google's Al technology provides the most capable foundation for Apple Foundation Models and is excited about the innovative new experiences it will unlock for Apple users. Apple Intelligence will continue to run on Apple devices and Private Cloud Compute, while maintaining Apple's industry-leading privacy standards."

The deal follows speculation that Apple might pay Google around $1 billion annually to use its models, though the financial terms of the agreement have not been publicly disclosed.

This partnership builds on Apple’s existing relationship with Google as the default search engine on its devices, a long-standing arrangement that generates significant revenue for Apple.

Commenting on the collaboration, xAI and Tesla CEO Elon Musk wrote on X, "This seems like an unreasonable concentration of power for Google, given that the also have Android and Chrome."

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St. Clair revealed in early 2025 that she had given birth to Musk’s 13th child, a son, and later filed for sole legal and physical custody in New York, alleging Musk’s limited involvement in the child’s life. The Tesla CEO has acknowledged providing financial support but disputes claims of disengagement, saying that tensions arose after legal proceedings began. 

The custody dispute is deeply tied to Musk’s broader public opposition to transgender ideology, particularly influenced by his estrangement from Xavier Alexander Musk who legally changed his name and severed ties with him in 2022.

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Most of the more than 6,000 alien planets we know of have been discovered via the "transit method."

Transits also allow astronomers to characterize known exoplanets, especially their atmospheres. Different elements and molecules absorb light at specific wavelengths, so studying the spectrum of starlight that has passed through an atmosphere can reveal a great deal about that atmosphere's composition.

However, such work is complicated by stellar complexity. Star surfaces are not uniform; they often feature patches of varying brightness, like the sunspots that speckle our own star. Pandora will help astronomers account for such complexity, if all goes to plan.

Daniel Apai of the University of Arizona, a lead scientist on the Pandora team, described the mission as "a bold new chapter in exoplanet exploration," emphasizing its potential to refine techniques for detecting atmospheric signals and guide future searches for habitable worlds.

"Pandora aims to disentangle the star and planet spectra by monitoring the brightness of the exoplanet's host star in visible light while simultaneously collecting infrared data," NASA officials wrote in a mission description. "Together, these multiwavelength observations will provide constraints on the star's spot coverage to separate the star's spectrum from the planet's."

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The mission’s $20 million budget cap reflects its role as a cost-constrained, high-impact experiment designed to complement larger observatories like the Kepler and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

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