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PWAs: Will The Web-based Apps End Big Tech App Store Tyranny?
July 12, 2024
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Progressive Web App(PWA) is basically a website built to function as a native desktop software or mobile app. The main advantage of a PWA is that it is apps store-independent and cross-platform.

Opening a PWA-optimized website like 'Gab.com' for example, on a standards-compliant browser like Brave would immediately trigger an instal prompt on the top-right corner of the browser window within the address bar.

On mobile browsers, the PWA prompt may be 'install Gab' or 'add Gab' [to the homescreen]. In the absence of the prompt, just adding the website to the homescreen will do the trick.

Once installed, the PWA functions more like a native app. This circumvents app stores like Google Play and Apple's App Store where free speech apps like Gab are banned.

Other browsers that support PWA include Gab's own Dissenter, Microsoft Edge, Google chrome, Apple's safari and Opera mobile. PWAs are supported on Windows 10, android and iOS.

For a website to be a PWA, it must run on certain core web technology components. And while User Interface frameworks like Angular and React support and have all the components for PWAs, it is important to note that PWAs are not framework-dependent.

PWAs store data as HTML files, use CSS and images from the browser cache which makes them load faster and also work offline by utilizing a specific set of components.

Critical components of a PWA includes Service worker, JSON manifest, App shell and other tools that continue to be added as UI frameworks and standards evolve.

A service worker is a type of web worker. It’s a JavaScript file that runs separately from the main browser thread, intercepts network requests, caches, and delivers push messages. If there is no network connection, a service worker will pull data from the cache using the browser’s cache API.

JSON manifest is a file that contains metadata of the app describing the UI. The manifest controls whether the app will have a more native rendering, the icon to be displayed on the home screen when installed, the orientation, the full-screen rendering, and so on. The manifest is responsible for creating an app-like experience.

App shell is the container where the data is stored. The app shell architecture consists of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and allows some lightweight settings to be quickly loaded during the first visit, which reduces the time required the first time the PWA is launched. The app shell is responsible for the UX of the PWA.

Note that PWA components are based on common and open web technologies, hence keeping the development independent of any one app store software development kit(or SDK).

Google and Microsoft are working together to support the PWA ecosystem. Google has been adding PWA components -- like workbox, chrome Devtools and lighthouse -- to their UI frameworks.

The technologies behind PWAs are not new. Steve Jobs tried this in 2007 with HTML5-based standard for web apps on iphones. Apple later changed course with the introduction of iOS SDK.

Web technology development has since advanced, and JavaScript is becoming a computational power. Most PWAs are more feature-rich than their traditional native counterparts.

Advocates claim that with PWAs, smartphone users don't need to worry about app updates and storage space; and developers don't have to grovel to the big tech app store duopoly of Apple and Google, to distribute their PWAs. Gab social and other apps banned from Play store and App Store, are taking advantage of PWAs to great success.

Ironically, the tech giants are embracing PWAs, probably for different reasons and the fact that the general trend is towards 'stream everything.'

ZDNet's Mary Jo Foley reported last year that Microsoft is building an Azure-powered 'Cloud PC' service to be launched this year. With such service, Windows 10 operating system users can access and interact with the OS via a browser, making windows 10 accessible on any 'thin client.' A windows 10 PWA on android, iOS or Mac can give one access to the OS without having to worry about updates and graphics power of your device. The crunching of data is done behind the scenes on Microsoft servers.

Microsoft has also released popular apps like Office and outlook as PWAs. The tech giant accepts PWAs from developers who wish to distribute via their windows 10 app store.

Google has released their popular services as PWAs. These include YouTube music, map, photos, Drive, Keep and stadia. Google Play store also supports PWAs. Twitter Lite is a PWA.

With gaming being the only holdout for now in the 'stream everything' race, it may not be too optimistic to say that in 5 to 10 years, the tyrannical regime of the app store duopoly -- Google and Apple -- will be have ended. Though they obviously will not go down without a fight.

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Open Standard's Stablecoin, OUSD, Backed By Blackrock, Coinbase, 140+ Other Major Companies

Open Standard, an independent entity governed by a consortium of over 140 companies announced the upcoming launch of a new dollar-pegged stablecoin called Open USD ($OUSD). Backed by a coalition of major players including Visa, Mastercard, BlackRock, Coinbase, Stripe and Google, Open USD is a direct enterprise-grade challenge to the long-standing duopoly of Tether (USDT) and Circle (USDC).

OUSD will launch natively on Solana, Stellar, Base, and Polygon simultaneously to capture fragmented liquidity and high-speed payment networks. Stripe plans to make OUSD the default stablecoin for its platform, while Coinbase will integrate it into its Base layer-2 network.

Unlike incumbents that keep reserve earnings, OUSD plans to distribute nearly all interest generated by its backing assets (cash and US Treasuries) to its partner companies after a small management fee. The stablecoin offers fee-free minting and redemption with no volume caps, incentivizing partners to drive adoption.

If all goes as planned, this is the ultimate selling point for enterprises. Instead of the issuer hoarding the interest generated by the multi-billion dollar reserve backing the stablecoin, Open Standard will distribute almost all reserve yield back to the network partners who adopt, distribute, and hold the coin (minus a nominal operational management fee). This transforms giant businesses from mere users into co-owners of the economic model.

For large corporations moving billions of dollars, the existing costs and artificial volume limits associated with creating or destroying tokens are a bottleneck. OUSD's zero-fee minting and redemption at institutional scale is another potential selling point.

Zach Abrams, the CEO of Bridge (the stablecoin infrastructure platform acquired by Stripe for $1.1 billion), is serving as the founding CEO of Open Standard. It will be controlled by a board of partner representatives rather than a single issuer, addressing enterprise concerns about counterparty dependence.

The consortium explicitly welcomes financial institutions, PSPs, card issuers, merchants, fintechs, exchanges, DeFi protocols, platforms, and marketplaces.

Tether and Circle combined control roughly 80% of the $300B+ stablecoin market. However, their business models are centralized: they collect user cash, invest it into yield-bearing assets like US Treasuries, and keep almost 100% of the interest profits for themselves.

Analysts note thar consortium-led networks like Open Standard's, are historically plagued by slow decision-making and friction when navigating fragmented global regulations. If Open Standard executes smoothly, OUSD could become the "SWIFT network" of programmable enterprise money; if not, it risks becoming an over-hyped corporate experiment.

Open USD is slated to go live later in 2026, meaning its liquidity and peg-stability are still untested.

Circle’s shares fell between 13% and 17% within hours of the announcement. Investors reacted to the realization that major partners like BlackRock and BNY (who historically support Circle's ecosystem) are now backing a direct economic competitor.

In a long X post, Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire publicly welcomed the competition but reiterated USDC's status as the most trusted asset, hinting at future enterprise-revenue-share changes. Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino wrote: "Welcome OUSD. Player 2 has entered the game." (a diss on USDC?).

Stablecoins like USDT and USDC have grown explosively because they offer fast, borderless, 24/7 dollar liquidity on blockchains.

USDT leads due to early adoption and liquidity (especially on Tron), while USDC gained traction through better transparency, regulatory compliance, and institutional trust. Both benefit from interest earned on reserves (mostly short-term U.S. Treasuries), which historically flowed mostly to the issuers.

Regulatory clarity accelerated corporate involvement. The upcoming OUSD launch aligns with the GENIUS Act, signed into law in 2025, by President Donald Trump which has opened the market for new, compliant stablecoin infrastructure.

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Members of the Expedition 74 crew, NASA astronauts Chris Williams and Jessica Meir on Tuesday (June 30), completed US Spacewalk 95, a seven-hour and 20-minute extravehicular activity (EVA) outside the International Space Station (ISS) to repair the Canadarm2 remote manipulator system (RMS).

The spacewalkers replaced a malfunctioning 90-kilogram wrist joint that had failed during routine operations on May 27 due to a seized motor-gearbox assembly.

Canadarm2 is ~18 meters when fully extended, about 1,800 kg (or 1,497 kg to 1,960 kg depending on specific configuration and source). It features seven motorized joints, providing a range of motion similar to a human arm but with the ability to rotate joints 270 degrees. The arm can handle payloads up to 116,000 kg and is capable of "cosmic catches," such as grappling visiting cargo spacecraft.

The repair was critical as Canadarm2, the station’s primary tool for capturing cargo vehicles like SpaceX Dragon and Cygnus, is essential for station operations through its planned decommissioning in 2030. Canadarm2, a space station workhorse, has been in regular use since it was installed on the orbiting outpost in April 2001.

Williams (EV1) and Meir (EV2), each wearing a NASA extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), floated outside the Quest airlock soon after switching the spacesuits to battery power at 1220 UTC. They made quick work of transitioning to their work station, where they retrieved a spare wrist joint by using a power tool (pistol grip unit) to unbolt it from an exterior equipment panel.

The pair were supported from inside the station, by Jack Hathaway (SpaceX Crew-12) and Sophie Adenot (ESA), who operated Canadarm2’s remaining functional joints to position the arm for the repair, guided by mission control from Jenny Gibbons (Canadian Space Agency).

Working meticulously, Williams and Meir removed the old unit and installed the new joint (no. 5), bolting it in place. The astronauts completed their work on the arm by reattaching its latching end effector, or hand, which the arm uses to grapple objects and inchworm across the exterior of the station. Mission Control confirmed that the arm had good power connections after the astronauts' work. They brought the faulty joint back into the space station to be returned to Earth for analysis and possible refurbishment.

The successful repair restored the arm’s full range of motion, clearing the path for the upcoming Soyuz MS-29 crew launch scheduled for July 14. Although designed for a 15-year lifespan, the 25-year-old arm was engineered with modular, replaceable components to allow for in-orbit maintenance. The spare joint was already stored aboard the ISS.

"For over 25 years, the Canadarm2 has been a crucial part of the International Space Station. The arm was key to our orbiting laboratory and continues to be a workhorse that we rely on. Whether it is performing maintenance or replacing equipment, moving and operating payloads, catching cargo vehicles or helping us out during spacewalks, the arm has played and will continue to play an essential role in our work on orbit," Williams said as the spacewalk ended. "It is also a testament to international cooperation. Canada, the U.S. and the world have come together to make this program a success. We are honored … that we were able to give the arm a helping hand."

Tuesday's EVA marked the fourth time in history that spacewalkers have worked to service the Canadarm2. Previously, another wrist joint was replaced and both of the arm's end effectors were swapped out for spares.

Williams and Meir returned to the Quest airlock and began its depressurization at 1940 UTC, marking an end to the spacewalk, Tuesday. "We are thrilled to have repaired the mighty Canadarm2 just in time for Canada Day tomorrow! We hope that all in Canada and everyone around the globe can celebrate this achievement," Meir said.

Today's EVA was the 280th spacewalk in ISS history and marked Williams’ second and Meir’s fifth career spacewalk. Williams has now logged 14 hours and 22 minutes, including a previous EVA with Meir. Meir has totaled 36 hours and 6 minutes, including the first all-female EVA in 2019.

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