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Raptor: SpaceX Reusable Combustion Engine That Powers The Starship Rocket
January 11, 2025
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The SpaceX Raptor engine is a full-flow staged combustion cycle engine that powers the Starship system. It is designed to be reusable and has twice the thrust of the Falcon 9 Merlin engine. Raptor uses sub-cooled liquid methane and liquid oxygen as propellants. Raptor 3 is the company's latest version.

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Raptor Engine Specifications:

    • Diameter: 1.3 meter(m) or 2.3 meters

    • Height: 3.1 m or 4.6 m

    • Engine mass(Raptor 3): 1525 kilogram(kg)

    • Thrust: 230 tf / 507 klbf (sea-level), 258 tf / 568 klbf (vacuum), or 280 tf (Raptor 3)

    • Specific impulse: 350 s (Raptor 3), 330 s (sea-level), or 380 s (vacuum)

    • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 200, 120, or 183.6 (Raptor 3)

    • Propellant: LCH4 / LOX (methalox)

    • Cycle: Full-flow staged combustion

Main Raptor engine parts:

    • Turbopumps: The Raptor engine has two turbopumps, one for the fuel (methane) and one for the oxidizer (oxygen). The turbopumps are powered by the preburners.

    • Preburners: The Raptor engine has two preburners, one fuel-rich and one oxygen-rich. The preburners are used to power the turbopumps.

    • Combustion Chamber: The combustion chamber is where the fuel and oxidizer are mixed and burned to produce thrust.

    • Nozzle: The nozzle is used to accelerate the exhaust gases and produce thrust.

    • Ignition System: The Raptor engine uses a torch igniter system for ignition.

    • Heat Shield: The Raptor engine has a heat shield to protect it from the heat of re-entry.

Raptor 3 engine marks significant advancements in thrust, specific impulse, and mass efficiency compared to previous versions. It has potential to exceed 300 tons of thrust in future iterations, according to SpaceX.

Current versions of Raptor Engine:

    • Raptor 1: The first version of the Raptor engine, with a thrust of 185 tf (sea-level) and 200 tf (vacuum).

    • Raptor 2: The second version of the Raptor engine, with a thrust of 230 tf (sea-level) and 258 tf (vacuum).

    • Raptor 3: The third version of the Raptor engine, with a thrust of 280 tf (sea-level) and a specific impulse of 350 s.

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Starship will be powered by six engines, three Raptor engines, and three Raptor Vacuum (RVac) engines, which are designed for use in the vacuum of space. Super Heavy will be powered by 33 Raptor engines, with 13 in the center and the remaining 20 around the perimeter of the booster’s aft end.

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Chinese officials welcomed President Donald Trump with full state honors during his Wednesday visit to Beijing, including a red-carpet arrival ceremony at the airport led by Chinese Vice President Han Zheng, military bands, and around 300 students waving American and Chinese flags chanting "welcome" in Mandarin.

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The summit focused on Iran war diplomacy, reopening the Strait of Hormuz, AI chip exports, and potential Boeing aircraft deals, though no sweeping trade agreement was announced.

During the visit on Thursday, a tense security dispute occurred when Chinese officials blocked an armed U.S. Secret Service agent from entering the Temple of Heaven, sparking an "intense standoff" that delayed access for nearly 30 minutes.

According to reports from journalists traveling with Trump, including AFP correspondent Danny Kemp and Fox News’ Peter Doocy, the confrontation involved "heated and physical" exchanges between U.S. and Chinese security personnel, with Doocy describing "one very physical standoff" over the agent’s firearm. A compromise was eventually reached, though details were not disclosed, and Trump’s schedule proceeded unchanged.

American reporters and staff also faced repeated clashes with Chinese officials, being briefly detained both during entry to the Temple of Heaven and after the event when attempting to rejoin the presidential motorcade. Chinese security reportedly tried multiple times to block U.S. press and White House staff from leaving designated areas, prompting a "spirited debate" and leading one American official to remark, “You guys have been terrible hosts.”

The incidents unfolded amid heightened security protocols, with U.S. officials operating under concerns of surveillance—many traveled with stripped-down devices, assuming all communications in China could be monitored.

The standoff revived memories of a 2017 incident during Trump’s earlier visit, when Chinese security blocked a U.S. military aide carrying the "nuclear football" from entering the Great Hall of the People, reportedly leading to brief shoving.

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