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Blue Ghost Becomes 2nd Private Spacecraft To Land On The Moon
March 05, 2025
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Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost 1 lunar lander successfully touched down on the Moon's surface at 0830 UTC on March 2, following its engines' "descent orbit insertion burn." The maneuver put the car-sized lander, which had been circling the moon from about 100 kilometers up, on course for the lunar surface; making it the second private spacecraft to ever soft-land on the moon.

"We're on the moon!" Nicky Fox, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said during the landing webcast. "I'm sorry — I'm just so excited right now."

This marks a significant milestone as the first commercial company to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative.

The lander coasted for about 50 minutes, then began firing its thrusters again to reduce its orbital velocity and position itself above its targeted landing site — an area within Mare Crisium ("Sea of Crises"), a volcanic basin on the moon's near side.

Nine minutes later, Blue Ghost shut off its main engine, entering the "terminal guidance" phase of the touchdown process. The lander continued to fire its small reaction control system thrusters to fine-tune its descent, heading for a relatively flat, boulder-free stretch of lunar ground that Blue Ghost autonomously selected as a safe landing spot.

Bliue Ghost touched down in Mare Crisium, near an ancient volcanic vent called Mons Latreille. It is in an upright, stable position and is currently communicating with Firefly's Mission Operations Center in Cedar Park, Texas.

"Every single thing was clockwork, even when we landed," Firefly CEO Jason Kim said during the landing webcast. "We've got some moon dust on our boots!"

Blue Ghost, which is about 3 meters tall by 3.5 m wide, is Firefly's first-ever moon lander. The company drew inspiration from a variety of sources to build the vehicle, including the Israeli group behind the Beresheet lander, said Ray Allensworth, Firefly's spacecraft program director.

Beresheet made it to lunar orbit successfully but crashed during its touchdown try in April 2019.

Blue Ghost 1 carried 10 NASA scientific instruments and technology demonstrations, including equipment for lunar subsurface drilling, sample collection, X-ray imaging, and dust mitigation experiments.

Over the next 14 days, equivalent to a full lunar day, Blue Ghost will conduct various scientific and technological demonstrations.

On March 14, Firefly expects to capture high-definition imagery of a total eclipse when the Earth blocks the sun above the Moon’s horizon.

Blue Ghost launched atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on Jan. 15 along with another private lunar lander — Resilience, which is built and operated by Tokyo-based company ispace.

This successful landing represents a significant step forward in commercial lunar exploration and sets the stage for future missions to the Moon and beyond.

The first-ever private moon landing occurred just over a year ago; Intuitive Machines' Odysseus spacecraft pulled off the feat in February 2024.

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NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman announced Monday, the four-person crew for the Artemis III mission at an event in Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. The crew, expected to launch in 2027, consists of Commander Randy Bresnik, Pilot Luca Parmitano (European Space Agency), and Mission Specialists Frank Rubio and Andre Douglas, with Bob Hines named as backup.

Isaacman described the mission as the beginning of a new era, likening it to the start of Earth’s first "Starfleet" and emphasizing that the mission is designed to take calculated risks to ensure future lunar safety.

"You carry the fire of exploration from generations past, the confidence of this agency, and the support of this nation, and the dreams of millions who will be cheering you on, knowing that what others believe to be impossible happens to be what we do best here at NASA," Isaacman said during the proceedings.

Unlike the lunar flyby of Artemis II, Artemis III will remain in low Earth orbit for about two weeks to test critical systems before the first lunar landing attempt in 2028. The primary goal is to practice rendezvous and docking procedures with two commercially developed lunar landers: SpaceX’s Starship HLS and Blue Origin’s Mark 2. This mission profile mirrors the Apollo 9 flight, serving as a necessary test of the spacecraft and life support systems in Earth orbit before proceeding to the Moon.

NASA is targeting mid- to late 2027 for Artemis 3, which will fly a very different mission that will last longer than Artemis 2 while remaining much closer to home. The ultimate goal of the Artemis program is to return astronauts to the surface of the moon, where NASA intends to establish a permanent base.

Artemis 3 will be a significant stepping stone toward that endeavor, but won't fly beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). If all goes according to plan the four newly assigned astronauts of Artemis 3 will rendezvous and dock the Orion spacecraft with Starship HLS or Mark 2, and lay the groundwork for future Artemis missions to the moon. Ultimately, the mission will allow NASA to test out much of the most cutting-edge hardware in the American spaceflight portfolio.

"Artemis 3 will be an extraordinary demonstration of what is possible when the greatest aerospace companies across the United States, alongside our European partners come together to showcase the technological might and ambition of the free world," Isaacman said during the event. "This seems like the beginning of the future that we imagined as children. This seems like the very beginning of Earth's first Starfleet to me"

Artemis 3's Orion crew capsule will launch on NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket into LEO, where it will rendezvous with the Blue Origin's Blue Moon lander (which will launch on one of the company's New Glenn rockets) and SpaceX's Starship.

NASA’s Artemis program manager Jeremy Parsons highlighted the complexity of coordinating multiple launch pads and vehicles. However, Blue Origin executives expressed confidence in their timeline despite a recent New Glenn rocket explosion that damaged their launch pad. SpaceX continues to test its Starship vehicle.

"Artemis 3 is an incredibly exciting, complicated, and highly coordinated multi-launch campaign. It's going to happen in a short period of time with three of the world's most powerful rockets," Parsons said during Tuesday's event.

The goal will be to practice docking maneuvers and operations between the vehicles. Both SpaceX and Blue Origin were awarded contracts through NASA's Human Landing System (HLS) program, but each has faced developmental delays that have prompted NASA's willingness to fly Artemis 3 with either or both landers, depending on their availability.

Bresnik, a retired Marine colonel and Space Shuttle veteran, has previously served as ISS commander and will lead the mission.

Parmitano an Italian astronaut and ESA pilot, is a veteran of two ISS expeditions and previously survived a life-threatening water leak incident during a spacewalk.

Rubio, a physician and Army veteran, he holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by an American astronaut at 371 days.

Douglas, a test engineer and Coast Guard commander, this will be his first spaceflight after serving as backup for Artemis II.

Hines, selected as a backup astronaut for Artemis 3, joined NASA's 2017 astronaut class after serving 23 years in the United State Air Force as a fighter pilot and instructor. Hines previously flew to space aboard the SpaceX Crew-4 mission to the International Space Station in 2022 where he logged 170 days in space.

During Tuesday's ceremony, the three NASA astronauts of the Artemis 2 crew including commander Reid Wiseman passed the (literal) Artemis baton to the new crew.

"I know all of us are very touched by the thoughtful symbolism of the passing of the baton, but I think now, after your mission, you're passing us something far greater," Bresnik said. "The world watched your mission, and over the course of those 10 days, we saw how you inspired people worldwide. You saw how something was ignited within people. It was ignited within all of us by watching your mission."

"We, the Artemis 3 crew, are honored to be able to carry this torch forward, to be able to execute our mission, to make that flame burn brighter and pass that flame on to the next crew," Bresnik added.

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